Essential Information
The term 'beautician' can encompass many specializations, with esthetics and cosmetology being the most common. Training programs in these areas are available at technical schools, community colleges and private for-profit schools. These professions require state licensing before practicing at a professional level.

Individuals interested in skin care can enroll in esthetician certificate programs. Courses consist of safety practices, esthetics theory and the use of products. Students also gain practical experience working under supervision with real clients. Most programs can be completed in two semesters.

Cosmetology is a broader field of study involving hair styling, skin care, makeup and nail care. Students can train through certificate programs or associate's degree programs. Associate's degree programs require two years of study and include a few general education courses, like expository writing and business classes, in addition to courses in the major area. Certificate programs take about a year to complete and cover only cosmetology. At both levels, students learn about and gain hands-on experience in all types of salon services.

For all program types, a high school diploma in necessary for admission, along with coursework in math, English and reading. Pre-enrollment placement testing may be required before enrolling in a cosmetology certificate program. Some courses may be available online.

Esthetician Certificate
These programs are designed to prepare students for state licensing requirements, which usually include a minimum number of logged classroom hours and passage of a knowledge examination. Some programs train students in the electrical machinery used in skin care. Some of the related topics include:

Facials
Skin care and makeup products and application
Principles of chemistry
Nutrition
Physiology
Cosmetology Certificate
Cosmetology certificate coursework includes theory and clinical coursework. Theoretical courses cover basic cosmetology topics like shampooing, sterilization, sanitation and salon business. In clinical hours, students work on each other or clients to learn practical techniques in cutting, styling, perming and hair coloring.

Cosmetology students must also meet state requirements in theoretical and practical education, usually totaling 1500 or more hours. Many programs offer full-time day programs, as well as part-time evening programs. Most cosmetology programs have attendance requirements including at least one year of continuous enrollment. To complete a certificate program, students must complete a comprehensive timed written and practical exam. State examinations are also required for licensure after graduation. Some topics covered in cosmetology programs include:

Bleaching
Chemical processes
Cosmetology and health
Scalp treatments
Manicures and pedicures